Factory Bikes, Titanium Cranks and Camshafts?

RMguy
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Edited Date/Time 7/5/2019 10:33pm
Was watching a few Mitch Payton videos about factory sx/mx motors and it got me thinking... What are the odds that factory teams are using titanium for major moving components like the camshaft, crank, etc.? Seems like it would make sense to remove mass from these as long as they can hold up.

Can't imagine how expensive that would be.

Any ideas what crazy materials go into these builds?
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mx317
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6/24/2019 6:38pm
I remember reading about a bike build for Guy Cooper where they used ti gears and shafts on a KTM kitted 540.
JB 19
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6/24/2019 6:48pm
Seems like it would make a lot of sense and I've often wonder this. Especially in 450's.
colintrax
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6/24/2019 7:04pm
Why not just use a lighter flywheel. Same deal less money
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Bruce372
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6/24/2019 8:00pm
Watching all of the YouTube videos of factory bikes, it's amazing how many stock parts the Austrian bikes are claimed to be using.
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ctbale
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6/24/2019 8:41pm
Why would someone down vote the op?
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Rhody
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6/24/2019 9:26pm
I don't know about bikes, but in cars I have been told that the titanium crankshaft is a myth, titanium rods are the hot setup for midgets, but cost as much for a single rod as a complete set of 8 top end steel rods, and I don't know if ti is hard enough for camshafts.
I don't know why the ti crank is a myth, it may just be impossible to balance. Now in a bike a ti crank may work. The ti cam may be just be not worth it because the weight is so small and close to the center of rotation. I assume it ha been tried, so I guess we need to hear from somebody on the inside who has been doing this stuff since the 90's.
tek14
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6/25/2019 12:25am
KTM uses least rods. There was good article about KTM Dakar bikes on some MotoVerde magazine some time ago. Pretty sure MX team uses them as well. Would be cool to see their MX2 bike motor inside out and all details like dyno runs.
kiwifan
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6/25/2019 12:34am
tek14 wrote:
KTM uses least rods. There was good article about KTM Dakar bikes on some MotoVerde magazine some time ago. Pretty sure MX team uses them as...
KTM uses least rods. There was good article about KTM Dakar bikes on some MotoVerde magazine some time ago. Pretty sure MX team uses them as well. Would be cool to see their MX2 bike motor inside out and all details like dyno runs.
this is an interesting comment, are you saying that non KTM bikes use more rods at Factory level? Of course we are talking about MX not Dakar or Enduro, etc.

In USA I thought (rightly or wrongly) that they must use production cranks and rods?
#434
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6/25/2019 12:59am
A crankshaft has to be as stiff as possible, which means the material it's made of should have the highest Young's modulus possible. As steel has a much higher Young's modulus than titanium it's the superior material for the job.
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ledger
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6/25/2019 2:51am
ctbale wrote:
Why would someone down vote the op?
Probably mad at the world or has a small wiener. lol.
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TexasVet
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6/25/2019 3:58am
We could say the "Factories" have enough resources to have one time or "throw away" parts for every race. And most likely throw away perfectly good parts for the most reliability to win. So parts could be drilled to swiss cheese level, carbon fiber or even far out plastic. But in the end, these engines have to have rotating mass to be rideable in some form.

So, perhaps it is possible to have whatever. But is it practical? Why have titanium this or that and then have to stick a heavier flywheel or counterweight somewhere to make the thing function for a human rider?

Why not polish, fit, debur, coat to make the component(whatever it is) function better?

Rotating mass....I think. Magnesium cases, Ti valve springs, bolts and things like that can be made as light as possible and have nothing to do with the "harmony"(function) of the engine.

Sooner than you know, the challenge will be how to harness high torque/h.p. electric motors for usability. Think about it- 150 h.p. motors. But can a human ride it?
mxtech1
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6/25/2019 5:53am
#434 wrote:
A crankshaft has to be as stiff as possible, which means the material it's made of should have the highest Young's modulus possible. As steel has...
A crankshaft has to be as stiff as possible, which means the material it's made of should have the highest Young's modulus possible. As steel has a much higher Young's modulus than titanium it's the superior material for the job.
Young's modulus is only a small part of the overall stiffness equation for an ICE crankshaft.
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mxtech1
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6/25/2019 5:55am
kiwifan wrote:
this is an interesting comment, are you saying that non KTM bikes use more rods at Factory level? Of course we are talking about MX not...
this is an interesting comment, are you saying that non KTM bikes use more rods at Factory level? Of course we are talking about MX not Dakar or Enduro, etc.

In USA I thought (rightly or wrongly) that they must use production cranks and rods?
I would say KTM does the best job keeping their factory bikes looking stock. They rely on less aftermarket companies for bolt-ons and the fit and finish on every part on their bikes are llok straight off the production line.
#434
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6/25/2019 6:31am
#434 wrote:
A crankshaft has to be as stiff as possible, which means the material it's made of should have the highest Young's modulus possible. As steel has...
A crankshaft has to be as stiff as possible, which means the material it's made of should have the highest Young's modulus possible. As steel has a much higher Young's modulus than titanium it's the superior material for the job.
mxtech1 wrote:
Young's modulus is only a small part of the overall stiffness equation for an ICE crankshaft.
No it's not. If you leave the design of the crankshaft the same, it's the only material property that matters.

If you want your titanium crankshaft to be as stiff as a steel crankshaft you have to increase the diameter of the shafts by a large amount which is a bad thing for a lot of stuff (overall size, friction, the desired weight savings..).

There are some good reasons why you don't hear about titanium crankshaft.

Titanium cams for a single cylinder engine would probably work. The big problem there would be surface hardness and wear of the lobes.
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mxtech1
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6/25/2019 6:54am
#434 wrote:
A crankshaft has to be as stiff as possible, which means the material it's made of should have the highest Young's modulus possible. As steel has...
A crankshaft has to be as stiff as possible, which means the material it's made of should have the highest Young's modulus possible. As steel has a much higher Young's modulus than titanium it's the superior material for the job.
mxtech1 wrote:
Young's modulus is only a small part of the overall stiffness equation for an ICE crankshaft.
#434 wrote:
No it's not. If you leave the design of the crankshaft the same, it's the only material property that matters. If you want your titanium crankshaft...
No it's not. If you leave the design of the crankshaft the same, it's the only material property that matters.

If you want your titanium crankshaft to be as stiff as a steel crankshaft you have to increase the diameter of the shafts by a large amount which is a bad thing for a lot of stuff (overall size, friction, the desired weight savings..).

There are some good reasons why you don't hear about titanium crankshaft.

Titanium cams for a single cylinder engine would probably work. The big problem there would be surface hardness and wear of the lobes.
You didn't specify that the material was the only variable. That is agreeable.

However, it's intuitive that geometry changes to the crankshaft, cases, and bearings would be made with a Ti crankshaft which would be required when trying to reduce the inertia of the motor.
Johnny Depp
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6/25/2019 7:19am
kiwifan wrote:
this is an interesting comment, are you saying that non KTM bikes use more rods at Factory level? Of course we are talking about MX not...
this is an interesting comment, are you saying that non KTM bikes use more rods at Factory level? Of course we are talking about MX not Dakar or Enduro, etc.

In USA I thought (rightly or wrongly) that they must use production cranks and rods?
mxtech1 wrote:
I would say KTM does the best job keeping their factory bikes looking stock. They rely on less aftermarket companies for bolt-ons and the fit and...
I would say KTM does the best job keeping their factory bikes looking stock. They rely on less aftermarket companies for bolt-ons and the fit and finish on every part on their bikes are llok straight off the production line.
52mm forks are rather obvious though
Nick_Lalanne
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6/25/2019 7:22am
not much to be gained by a continuously moving part. To an extent the inertia doesn't hurt performance. BUT an item like a rod literally stops and starts twice every revolution, freeing up weight there has huge gains, Same with pistons.

Basically, anything pre clutch can be heavy and not detrimental, (exception, piston and rod)

The parts you mentioned have there issues using ti, because ti is soft in comparison. for example when making a Ti rod for a 2 stroke you must sleeve the rod for the wrist pin bearing and crank bearing to have a surface hard enough to ride on,
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#434
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6/25/2019 7:38am
mxtech1 wrote:
You didn't specify that the material was the only variable. That is agreeable. However, it's intuitive that geometry changes to the crankshaft, cases, and bearings would...
You didn't specify that the material was the only variable. That is agreeable.

However, it's intuitive that geometry changes to the crankshaft, cases, and bearings would be made with a Ti crankshaft which would be required when trying to reduce the inertia of the motor.
You're right, I should have been more clear about it.

The thing with titanium is that it has a very high specific strength which make it superior to steel in a lot of lightweight applications. But if you look at the specific youngs's modulus, steel and titanium (and aluminium and magnisium fo that matter) are about the same. Steel has a youngs's modulus of 210 GPa at a density of 7.85 g/cm^3 whereas titanium has a yound's modulus of 110 GPa density of 4.5 g/cm^3.
But if you take the geometry into account, it becomes a more complicated. Then you have to take the Young's modulus divided by density squared or cubed into account. Silly
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GCBC
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6/25/2019 9:47am Edited Date/Time 6/25/2019 9:51am
Titanium rods are a big thing in my car and superbike world. Nobody at the under 2m$ kind of level is using ti cranks. or anything but billet steel. Never even heard of a ti crank. Perhaps in F1 or Moto gp but otherwise I’ve spent 10yrs in pro road course racing and never heard of one actually being used.

If you want to reduce crank and engine effect (on a motorcycle) you should spin it the opposite direction. My MV Agusta runs backwards and tipping into corners feels like the engine is in N on my other superbikes
piscokid
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6/25/2019 10:13am
Filthly Phil was on PulpMX and when asked about the engine set up in his bike, he commented on running a heavier crank than stock. I am assuming more mass = more inertia, more inertia means less prone to stalling when lugging the motor and less RPM drop during up shifts. I would think lite cranks would work well for drag racing where rpms remain high. Running a lite crank on an mx bike in deep sand or mud might pose some problems.
Cadpro18
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6/25/2019 10:36am
GCBC wrote:
Titanium rods are a big thing in my car and superbike world. Nobody at the under 2m$ kind of level is using ti cranks. or anything...
Titanium rods are a big thing in my car and superbike world. Nobody at the under 2m$ kind of level is using ti cranks. or anything but billet steel. Never even heard of a ti crank. Perhaps in F1 or Moto gp but otherwise I’ve spent 10yrs in pro road course racing and never heard of one actually being used.

If you want to reduce crank and engine effect (on a motorcycle) you should spin it the opposite direction. My MV Agusta runs backwards and tipping into corners feels like the engine is in N on my other superbikes
Sprint Cars had started to go to Ti cranks and were quickly outlawed. I don’t think Ti rods are legal either. Probably the least regulated series in racing (circle track anyway) is Dirt Late Model and Ti rods are common.
6/25/2019 1:10pm
ctbale wrote:
Why would someone down vote the op?
I would guess because people disagree with the idea of using Titanium for things like crank shafts because you do need some rotating mass in the engine. I think the up or down thumb means you disagree with the idea or agree with it. Nothing more nothing less. I just don't understand why it would hurt someones feeling.
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scrallex
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6/25/2019 1:43pm
#434 wrote:
A crankshaft has to be as stiff as possible, which means the material it's made of should have the highest Young's modulus possible. As steel has...
A crankshaft has to be as stiff as possible, which means the material it's made of should have the highest Young's modulus possible. As steel has a much higher Young's modulus than titanium it's the superior material for the job.
This is your answer.

Another note: Titanium is approximately 45% lighter than steel. The crankshaft is the heaviest piece in the engine for a reason: torque. Reducing the weight of the crank would change everything about how the engine behaves on a ramp up and down. It would take a host of other changes to make an engine with a TI crank behave in a similar manner to that of a steel crank.
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philG
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6/25/2019 1:56pm
Titanium as a crank material is not used because it is too light , and doesnt have the resistance to torque failure like steel, Its widely used in Aerospace, but the beauty of aero engines it that nothing moves, or touches anything else. It just spins in casing , A race engine is all about friction and strength, Ti can be used for rods , but they dont work for cranks as they are too brittle.
The last WRC motor i was involved with , had a very light bespoke crank, as opposed to the modded road car one, first test was 100 full throttle landings to see it could handle the torque loads.
1
6/25/2019 3:15pm
I know it's not Ti, but a 89 works HRC CR 500 crank cost the Honda race team $30,000 each back in day... 30 grand, that was a whole lot of money then. And they're a work of art if you've ever seen a picture of one. And they had 4 per rider to last the season. Just another example of how much Honda spent back then to be the best... $1000 per rear sprocket! Had them made out of a solid block of billet. Ridiculous.
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early
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6/25/2019 3:48pm
kiwifan wrote:
this is an interesting comment, are you saying that non KTM bikes use more rods at Factory level? Of course we are talking about MX not...
this is an interesting comment, are you saying that non KTM bikes use more rods at Factory level? Of course we are talking about MX not Dakar or Enduro, etc.

In USA I thought (rightly or wrongly) that they must use production cranks and rods?
mxtech1 wrote:
I would say KTM does the best job keeping their factory bikes looking stock. They rely on less aftermarket companies for bolt-ons and the fit and...
I would say KTM does the best job keeping their factory bikes looking stock. They rely on less aftermarket companies for bolt-ons and the fit and finish on every part on their bikes are llok straight off the production line.
52mm forks are rather obvious though
So is extra frame gusseting.
HusqFan3
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6/25/2019 3:52pm
ctbale wrote:
Why would someone down vote the op?
ledger wrote:
Probably mad at the world or has a small wiener. lol.
Another possibility being he’s mad at the world BECAUSE he has a small wiener...
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kiwifan
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6/25/2019 5:55pm
mxtech1 wrote:
I would say KTM does the best job keeping their factory bikes looking stock. They rely on less aftermarket companies for bolt-ons and the fit and...
I would say KTM does the best job keeping their factory bikes looking stock. They rely on less aftermarket companies for bolt-ons and the fit and finish on every part on their bikes are llok straight off the production line.
52mm forks are rather obvious though
early wrote:
So is extra frame gusseting.
yeah, most of the factory bikes look production like... I dont think factory KTMs look more stock than any other bike out there...depends on what brand you like, I suspect, as to whether you think they look more stock
6/25/2019 9:47pm
People seem to forget the Ktm is already at the weight limit production form. (well almost)
There is no point to chasing the weight gains of a ti crank or camshaft when easier and less risky areas exist for improvement.

And yes - Ktm factory uses a lot of production parts - if you ever work on a Ktm - they source the best of practically everything, bone stock. I’ve gotten to see some insides of a factory ktm 250f - and it was surprisingly mundane.

Their clutch design can not be lightened or improved - and I’ll bet you the factory bikes run nothing more than a Hinson cover

Now - would I entertain that Honda might be doing something like this - yes. They are 20 lbs too heavy stock, have an insanely deep racing division that is currently motivated to win.

It’s been publicly available from Europe on some titanium rods with some really trick technology in the bearing load areas - the typical problem with ti so let’s just assume since it’s actually a production piece - people use them.

Ti wrist pins I’ve heard too

No way in hell would I run ti valve springs. Never

Ti tranny shafts makes good sense - large part

Ktm already uses aluminum shift drums - super light.
I’d bet the other oems do for racing as well
Ti shift shafts and forks would seem reasonable, but doubtful

Ktm conceivably could do a ti clutch basket, but highly unlikely imho. They don’t need to save the weight.

Honda/kaw/Rm using a ti clutch basket gear - would save a ton of weight

Ti counter balancer shafts - sure

I don’t care for ceramic bearings but you can save weight there


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