fork and shock oil - alternatives

PTshox
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Hi,
Any tribologists running around in here that know hydraulic oils? I'm getting tired of paying 20 bucks for a qt of 5 w fork oil when I know most of it is rebranded hydraulic oil purchased in bulk.


Since iso 22 hydraulic oil is ~ 5 wt.. .have any of you used off the shelf oils from various mfg's in your fork and shocks?

Interested to know your thoughts... Thanks.
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wwdiii
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11/25/2022 7:19pm
I’m by no means a oil expert. I was thinking the same thing about fork oil. I converted the forks to dual chamber on my oversized pit bike/trail bike as I call it, Honda CRF250F. The factory fork oil that came out of the forks was red and looked just like the hydraulic fluid I put in my Mahindra tractor, which takes a high rated hydraulic oil. It’s a Hydrostatic drive tractor.

The maxima 5 wt I put back in it was kinda clear but still felt like, looked, smelled hydraulic oil. I used the cheaper Maxima, seems like it was 12 bucks a qt. The synthetic is probably 4-5 bucks more a qt.

I spent most of my career in and around the oil refining industry. Retired from a very large Industrial Tech company. We did process control systems for refining industry. Before that I worked for the old Kerr McGee oil company, It was interesting talking to the old time chemist. Oil is dang near oil. The dealers and others used to talk about Yamaha lube 2 cycle marine oil and the special additive packages it had. Was the same oil that CITGO put in bottles that said Citgo on the jug for less than half price.

I don’t know what wt hydraulic fluid is or if it states it on the jug, but if it said 5 wt chances are I’d use it.
1
PTshox
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11/25/2022 9:48pm
I think there is a LOT of bullshit in that part of the industry. Not from the big oil companies.. but from the guys repackaging stuff and labeling it as "XYZ" oil.

I had a friend that worked at one of the large shock companies and they used to use Exxon J13 then J26 oil... this is stuff for tractor rams. It's not rocket science.
3
Factor E
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11/26/2022 4:44am
Have seen these fluids at industry companies bottling out of a 55 gal drum
wwdiii
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11/26/2022 7:47am
I’m not convinced 5wt fork oils is 5wt. If you look at specs for domestic hydraulic oil most are multi Viscosity. My guess and it’s just a guess the 5wt we are buying is 5-20wt. Exxon J26 mentioned above, which I think is the spec my Tractor uses may be 10-30wt.

The Shop

11/26/2022 10:32am Edited Date/Time 11/26/2022 10:50am
I have been using UFA hvi22 hydraulic oil in my forks the last few years. No issues at all. 20l pail for the same price as 3l of maxima. Cost savings is nice when playing around with valving.

CST of the hvi22 is 22@40 and 4.4@100deg. A bit thicker then the maxima 5wt which was around 16@40 and 3.5@100.
PTshox
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11/26/2022 11:17am
Factor E wrote:
Have seen these fluids at industry companies bottling out of a 55 gal drum
Meaning? You saw someone bottling out of a 55 gal drum into Smaller "fork oil" or "shock oil" labeled pints or quarts?
1
m21racing
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11/26/2022 4:33pm
There was a recipe we had years ago with Mobil 10 hydraulic, atf and something else. I need to look it up, but it worked well.
MxAddic
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11/26/2022 5:19pm
Good oil costs a couple bucks more but is cheaper than suspension hard parts. YMMV!
11/27/2022 2:42pm
MxAddic wrote:
Good oil costs a couple bucks more but is cheaper than suspension hard parts. YMMV!
I’d say hydraulic rams work hard.
1
Broseph
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11/27/2022 3:18pm
PTshox wrote:
Hi, Any tribologists running around in here that know hydraulic oils? I'm getting tired of paying 20 bucks for a qt of 5 w fork oil...
Hi,
Any tribologists running around in here that know hydraulic oils? I'm getting tired of paying 20 bucks for a qt of 5 w fork oil when I know most of it is rebranded hydraulic oil purchased in bulk.


Since iso 22 hydraulic oil is ~ 5 wt.. .have any of you used off the shelf oils from various mfg's in your fork and shocks?

Interested to know your thoughts... Thanks.
Biggest difference I can see between hydraulic fluid and shock fluid is the viscosity index. Since shocks need to perform well both hot and cold, I’d say that’s kind of a big deal (shocks get dang hot by the end of a race).

Forks though… run whatever 5w you want.
erik_94COBRA
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11/27/2022 4:23pm
I did some reading about this a long while back. My conclusion was Maxima fluids were good enough for the parameters of interest. Some fluids might be “better” in one dimension, but cost a lot or break down quickly. Changing it with some regularity (30-40 hrs) is probably better than any single fluid available.

Good viscosity info here:
http://www.peterverdone.com/suspension-fluids/
1
Falcon
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11/27/2022 4:58pm
Fork oils have anti-foaming agents that hydraulic fluids may not. Also, as noted above, shock oil has to battle heat. They are fairly specialized products.
1
11/27/2022 5:21pm Edited Date/Time 11/27/2022 5:22pm
All hydraulic oils have antifoaming additives. Forks are easier on the oil then even simple hydraulic systems.

For the shock you want something with a high viscosity index to give consistency with the heat as mentioned , but the higher the VI normally the quicker they shear so servicing regularly is important.
Factor E
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11/27/2022 8:53pm
Reading the MSDS sheet for the oil you choose will give all the details to compare with others
1
11/28/2022 6:18am Edited Date/Time 11/28/2022 6:18am
I'll say this.

I spent time formulating fork oils, shock oils, and industrial hydraulic oils. There are similarities to all three in terms of performance requirements. There are also a few differences that should be accounted for during formulation.

I would sometimes use a similar base chemistry for additives, and use some similar base oils, but each product absolutely had its own formula tailored to the application and wasn't just a rebrand.

Much of the specific properties mentioned above were formulated into the products to either bolster them above and beyond what a "basic" hydraulic oil would provide or to add properties that a pedestrian hydraulic oil might not have built in.

I can't speak for every brand, but the ones I have knowledge of (or did while I was still doing that) absolutely justified the higher price tag.
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MxAddic
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11/28/2022 7:12am
I'll say this. I spent time formulating fork oils, shock oils, and industrial hydraulic oils. There are similarities to all three in terms of performance requirements...
I'll say this.

I spent time formulating fork oils, shock oils, and industrial hydraulic oils. There are similarities to all three in terms of performance requirements. There are also a few differences that should be accounted for during formulation.

I would sometimes use a similar base chemistry for additives, and use some similar base oils, but each product absolutely had its own formula tailored to the application and wasn't just a rebrand.

Much of the specific properties mentioned above were formulated into the products to either bolster them above and beyond what a "basic" hydraulic oil would provide or to add properties that a pedestrian hydraulic oil might not have built in.

I can't speak for every brand, but the ones I have knowledge of (or did while I was still doing that) absolutely justified the higher price tag.
We are way beyond the days of ATF in the forks and for diesel additive. These el'cheapo's are living 50 year in the past and getting 50 YO performance.

FGR01
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Fantasy
11/28/2022 7:19am
I'm not an oil guru by any means. But I've rebuilt a ton of suspension and also operated a lot of heavy equipment. Just layman talk here, but heavy equipment with hydraulic rams have a complete hydraulic system where the fluid is cycled/rotated throughout, contains a much higher volume of fluid, and it is continuously filtered. Unlike suspension on a bike that has a very low volume that is contained and beat to death and never filtered. Also, hydro fluid on a machine is just extending a ram.. not doing damping in shim stacks, etc. Seems like very dissimilar applications to me. Also, who is really going through such large quantities of suspension fluid that saving a few bucks really adds up? Anyone going through that much is likely a suspension shop that is passing the cost on anyway.
2
11/28/2022 12:12pm
A lot more to a hydraulic system then just a ram going in or out and a lot similar then you would think when compared to fork valving. Protection it provides the pump, flow through a control valve, feathering notches on a spool, maybe some throttle valves, through reliefs or flow controls or motors etc. at usually higher pressures and flow then a fork produces.
When I worked on hydraulic mining shovels it was common to see reliefs come out in pieces from the erosion caused by the oil flowing over them. Oil would still last 4-6000hrs based on samples. Pumps working at 1100l/min and 5000 psi.

If you never play with your valving and just change oil as a maintenance item then cost is a non issue. I have changed valving multiple times in a day so I appreciate the savings.

1
MxAddic
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11/28/2022 12:41pm
A lot more to a hydraulic system then just a ram going in or out and a lot similar then you would think when compared to...
A lot more to a hydraulic system then just a ram going in or out and a lot similar then you would think when compared to fork valving. Protection it provides the pump, flow through a control valve, feathering notches on a spool, maybe some throttle valves, through reliefs or flow controls or motors etc. at usually higher pressures and flow then a fork produces.
When I worked on hydraulic mining shovels it was common to see reliefs come out in pieces from the erosion caused by the oil flowing over them. Oil would still last 4-6000hrs based on samples. Pumps working at 1100l/min and 5000 psi.

If you never play with your valving and just change oil as a maintenance item then cost is a non issue. I have changed valving multiple times in a day so I appreciate the savings.

If you changed the valving multiple times in one day why would you use new oil to do it?
11/28/2022 12:57pm Edited Date/Time 11/28/2022 2:19pm
A lot more to a hydraulic system then just a ram going in or out and a lot similar then you would think when compared to...
A lot more to a hydraulic system then just a ram going in or out and a lot similar then you would think when compared to fork valving. Protection it provides the pump, flow through a control valve, feathering notches on a spool, maybe some throttle valves, through reliefs or flow controls or motors etc. at usually higher pressures and flow then a fork produces.
When I worked on hydraulic mining shovels it was common to see reliefs come out in pieces from the erosion caused by the oil flowing over them. Oil would still last 4-6000hrs based on samples. Pumps working at 1100l/min and 5000 psi.

If you never play with your valving and just change oil as a maintenance item then cost is a non issue. I have changed valving multiple times in a day so I appreciate the savings.

MxAddic wrote:
If you changed the valving multiple times in one day why would you use new oil to do it?
I don’t have a great setup in the van for at the track so it’s easier to just dump it then trying to keep everything clean and reusing it. I am more paranoid about the damage some sand or dirt would do if it got in the cartridge when trying to reuse the oil then a perceived loss in performance of the oil that I can valve around.

I can’t imagine people reuse oil from their forks no matter how low the hours are, is that really a thing?
11/28/2022 2:11pm
I'll say this. I spent time formulating fork oils, shock oils, and industrial hydraulic oils. There are similarities to all three in terms of performance requirements...
I'll say this.

I spent time formulating fork oils, shock oils, and industrial hydraulic oils. There are similarities to all three in terms of performance requirements. There are also a few differences that should be accounted for during formulation.

I would sometimes use a similar base chemistry for additives, and use some similar base oils, but each product absolutely had its own formula tailored to the application and wasn't just a rebrand.

Much of the specific properties mentioned above were formulated into the products to either bolster them above and beyond what a "basic" hydraulic oil would provide or to add properties that a pedestrian hydraulic oil might not have built in.

I can't speak for every brand, but the ones I have knowledge of (or did while I was still doing that) absolutely justified the higher price tag.
Curious if you can share more technical details on the differences you saw between the fork and hydraulic oils? What additives were different? What properties would a fork oil need above what a hydraulic oil could provide? Interesting stuff.
FGR01
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Fantasy
11/28/2022 3:03pm
A lot more to a hydraulic system then just a ram going in or out and a lot similar then you would think when compared to...
A lot more to a hydraulic system then just a ram going in or out and a lot similar then you would think when compared to fork valving. Protection it provides the pump, flow through a control valve, feathering notches on a spool, maybe some throttle valves, through reliefs or flow controls or motors etc. at usually higher pressures and flow then a fork produces.
When I worked on hydraulic mining shovels it was common to see reliefs come out in pieces from the erosion caused by the oil flowing over them. Oil would still last 4-6000hrs based on samples. Pumps working at 1100l/min and 5000 psi.

If you never play with your valving and just change oil as a maintenance item then cost is a non issue. I have changed valving multiple times in a day so I appreciate the savings.

You only convinced me more that they are drastically different applications ! Laughing

It doesn't add up to me that someone who is fussy enough about their suspension to revalve multiple times a day is also fine with using fleet oil that is not the exact specified weight. But if it works it works
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PTshox
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11/28/2022 3:17pm
Some interesting comments here.
I m one of those guys that is in the valving stacks on my bikes somewhat frequently. And I don't like to reuse the oil due to possible particles getting in to it as one gentlemen mentioned. Even if the fork or shock only has 30 mins on it... it's hard to not have stuff get into it when taking it apart.

I did have an interesting conversation today with a guy that selected and formulated the oil packages used at one of the major suspension companies. I asked him about using off the shelf hydraulic oils from various big oil companies. He thought the additives to those base oils (so to speak) were important enough that you would want them. Thus, he steered me away from standard off the shelf hydraulic oil.

11/28/2022 3:30pm
FGR01 wrote:
You only convinced me more that they are drastically different applications ! :laugh: It doesn't add up to me that someone who is fussy enough about...
You only convinced me more that they are drastically different applications ! Laughing

It doesn't add up to me that someone who is fussy enough about their suspension to revalve multiple times a day is also fine with using fleet oil that is not the exact specified weight. But if it works it works
Haha, all good. Not saying what I am doing is the best way. I just see it as flow and pressure, in a fork or in a hydraulic system.

I wouldn’t describe myself as fussy, I just enjoy tinkering and being able to feel the effects back to back on the same track/conditions.
1
11/29/2022 10:13am
I'll say this. I spent time formulating fork oils, shock oils, and industrial hydraulic oils. There are similarities to all three in terms of performance requirements...
I'll say this.

I spent time formulating fork oils, shock oils, and industrial hydraulic oils. There are similarities to all three in terms of performance requirements. There are also a few differences that should be accounted for during formulation.

I would sometimes use a similar base chemistry for additives, and use some similar base oils, but each product absolutely had its own formula tailored to the application and wasn't just a rebrand.

Much of the specific properties mentioned above were formulated into the products to either bolster them above and beyond what a "basic" hydraulic oil would provide or to add properties that a pedestrian hydraulic oil might not have built in.

I can't speak for every brand, but the ones I have knowledge of (or did while I was still doing that) absolutely justified the higher price tag.
Curious if you can share more technical details on the differences you saw between the fork and hydraulic oils? What additives were different? What properties would...
Curious if you can share more technical details on the differences you saw between the fork and hydraulic oils? What additives were different? What properties would a fork oil need above what a hydraulic oil could provide? Interesting stuff.

As I recall, when I did a fork oil, I tended to up the anti-foaming characteristics, try to get the friction coefficients (static and dynamic) down, and I didn't tend to worry too much about the VI, so that freed me up to save some cost on base oils.

 

The rest of the typical hydraulic additives were pretty good for anti-oxidation and wear resistance to round out the product but sometimes extra anti-wear might've been needed.

 

For shock oils the biggest thing was always viscosity index. I remember trying to hit the numbers needed there was always very pricey.

1
PTshox
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11/29/2022 10:48am
I'll say this. I spent time formulating fork oils, shock oils, and industrial hydraulic oils. There are similarities to all three in terms of performance requirements...
I'll say this.

I spent time formulating fork oils, shock oils, and industrial hydraulic oils. There are similarities to all three in terms of performance requirements. There are also a few differences that should be accounted for during formulation.

I would sometimes use a similar base chemistry for additives, and use some similar base oils, but each product absolutely had its own formula tailored to the application and wasn't just a rebrand.

Much of the specific properties mentioned above were formulated into the products to either bolster them above and beyond what a "basic" hydraulic oil would provide or to add properties that a pedestrian hydraulic oil might not have built in.

I can't speak for every brand, but the ones I have knowledge of (or did while I was still doing that) absolutely justified the higher price tag.
Curious if you can share more technical details on the differences you saw between the fork and hydraulic oils? What additives were different? What properties would...
Curious if you can share more technical details on the differences you saw between the fork and hydraulic oils? What additives were different? What properties would a fork oil need above what a hydraulic oil could provide? Interesting stuff.
As I recall, when I did a fork oil, I tended to up the anti-foaming characteristics, try to get the friction coefficients (static and dynamic) down...

As I recall, when I did a fork oil, I tended to up the anti-foaming characteristics, try to get the friction coefficients (static and dynamic) down, and I didn't tend to worry too much about the VI, so that freed me up to save some cost on base oils.

 

The rest of the typical hydraulic additives were pretty good for anti-oxidation and wear resistance to round out the product but sometimes extra anti-wear might've been needed.

 

For shock oils the biggest thing was always viscosity index. I remember trying to hit the numbers needed there was always very pricey.

Who did you do work for? 

mx317
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11/29/2022 11:48am

This has been a while back and may no longer be a thing, but I was talking to a Showa factory tech at a national and we began discussing oils. I told him a friend of mine who's son was a top level Team Green rider used aircraft hydraulic fluid 5606 in his suspension. He sort of smiled and started telling me all the properties like VI, temp resistance, etc. and how the newer was fully synthetic because it was less flammable in aircraft. He said it was being used currently (then) in many factory suspensions. His name was Graeme Brough and he was Honda's Showa guy.

PTshox
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11/29/2022 12:11pm

Interesting info MX317...Never thought to look at that industry. 

 

I just dug this up... See below underlined. 

Applications:
AeroShell Fluid 31 is recommended for use in aircraft, ordinance, and missile systems operating from –40°C to +205°C . This fluid should be considered for use in auto pilots, shock absorbers, brakes, flight control systems, hydraulic servo-controlled systems and other systems using synthetic elastomer seals.

An increasing number of aircraft manufacturers now recommend use of this type of fluid in aircraft hydraulic systems in preference to mineral hydraulic oils. This move has been prompted by need to use fluids with better fire resistant properties.

AeroShell Fluid 31 is also approved for use in the Honeywell (formerly Garrett) cooling turbine (cabin air compressors).

Increasingly this type of hydraulic fluid is being adopted for use in hydraulic systems of military aircraft in place of mineral hydraulic fluids. AeroShell Fluid 31 is a synthetic hydrocarbon oil and should not be used in contact with incompatible seal materials. Refer to the General Notes at the front of this section for further information.
AeroShell Fluid 31 is compatible with AeroShell Fluids 4, 41, 51, 61 and 71 and can be used in systems designed to operate with MIL-PRF-5606, MIL-PRF-6083, MIL-PRF-87257 and MIL-PRF-46170 fluids.

11/29/2022 12:53pm
PTshox wrote:

Who did you do work for? 

I didn't use to disclose, but since my website is no longer a thing, I don't think I'm sharing any sensitive info, and it is likely a bit outdated anyway, I figure it isn't a big deal.

I spent a number of years formulating for Bel-Ray some time ago.

If I'm sharing too much info, I invite @cwolf96 to come shut me down for blabbing.

cwolf96
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11/29/2022 1:46pm Edited Date/Time 11/29/2022 1:47pm
I didn't use to disclose, but since my website is no longer a thing, I don't think I'm sharing any sensitive info, and it is likely...

I didn't use to disclose, but since my website is no longer a thing, I don't think I'm sharing any sensitive info, and it is likely a bit outdated anyway, I figure it isn't a big deal.

I spent a number of years formulating for Bel-Ray some time ago.

If I'm sharing too much info, I invite @cwolf96 to come shut me down for blabbing.

@MotoTribology your legacy still lives on! Great to see you're still active on important topics.  Thanks for bringing more insight to this.  You said it perfectly, there are similarities between industrial hydraulic fluids but there are also differences accounting for during formulation.  Bel-Ray's Fork Oil is application specific and purpose built for forks.  It is NOT a relabeled industrial hydraulic fluid. 

If you're constantly taking apart your suspension and tinkering with the valving, to each their own.  However,I strongly recommend at some point, give the industrial products you're claiming to use a longevity and durability test against a quality application-specific product and compare the differences - that's where you'll see the benefits.  

For 95%+ of moto customers, we're servicing our stuff maybe once a year?  Go with a quality application specific lubricant and your suspension will thank you.  There's a reason why Factory Connection, Pro Circuit and all major suspension companies use name-brand suspension lubricants.  

2

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