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DOT is only relevant when buying a helmet in the USA – it’s the equivalent to the EU ECE 22.05 standard.
When you buy a motorcycle crash helmet in the US, you expect it to offer a decent level of protection and work pretty well as a helmet.
Well, much of the reason your expectations are met is probably down to the fact that motorcycle helmets are regulated when they’re put up for sale in the US – meaning they have to meet certain performance standards. If they don’t, the manufacturer/importer are fined and the helmet’s withdrawn from sale.
DOT stands for the Department of Transport FMVSS No.218 safety compliance testing for motorcycle helmets – FMVSS being the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard.
All of which is a good thing and should mean that if you buy a helmet with a DOT sticker on the back, it meets certain minimum standards for absorbing the shock of an impact; resisting impact penetration and having a retention strap that won’t stretch like a rubber band. Meaning it should protect your head in an accident.
So what is the DOT test?
The way it works is that the National Highways Traffic Safety Administration make a set of standards available to all manufacturers looking to sell helmets in the US. These manufacturers then need to produce helmets that’ll pass the test. If they do, they’re allowed to self-certify that the helmet will pass FMVSS 218 and can put a DOT sticker on the helmet when it goes on sale.
The Office of Vehicle Safety Compliance are then tasked with testing a number of helmet models per year (in 2007 is was around 40) to ensure they comply with FMVSS 218 standards. If the OVSC find a helmet doesn’t pass their test, the helmet is removed from sale and the vendor has to either repair or replace the helmets for consumers at their own cost. They can also face very stiff fines.
The test itself comprises three elements.
First what’s called the impact attenuation test – which means the helmet is subject to impacts against a rounded and flat anvil after the test helmets have been ‘conditioned’ to reflect four different operating environments. That includes low/med/high temperatures and water immersed – all of which aims to ensure the helmet will still perform in different extremes of riding conditions.
Next is a penetration test where a 6lb 10oz pointed striker is dropped from 118 inches onto various parts all round the helmet – again against helmets that have been pre-conditioned to reflect four different operating conditions.
And finally, the retention strap is tested under 50 and 300lbs loads to ensure it doesn’t elongate more than an inch after load.
The only other check that the helmet then undergoes is to ensure that there’s enough peripheral vision allowed by the helmet – that’s a minimum of 105 degrees from centre.
If a helmet passes all these tests, it’s then reckoned to be compliant and the manufacturer/importer won’t get their arse kicked (phew!).
If you want to read LOTS of detail on the compliance testing itself, check out this link for the laboratory test procedure.
The DOT test probably isn’t the last word in ensuring your helmet’s a good one. But neither is it supposed to be – it’s more a way to ensure crash helmets sold as rider protection offer a minimum level of protection in the US. The next stage is to look towards either Snell or SHARP who both take compliant helmets (ECE 22-05 approved helmets in the case of SHARP, DOT in the case of Snell) and put them through more rigorous testing procedures to try and ensure they’ll give better real-world accident protection. Read our articles on Snell, SHARP or ECE 22.05 for more information.
It’s not about the graphics. It’s about the material and construction.
The Shop
A stiff indestructible helmet would not allow the brain more time to slow - it would be like hitting your head without a helmet
A helmet that is too soft/weak would not mitigate the speed and slow it down ENOUGH - resulting in a FAST stop AFTER you went through the helmet
Ideally helmets would be 10 feet around - from a physics standpoint. We could have a progressively stiffer material that absorbed all ranges of speeds and allowed plenty of time to slow the brain. Sadly you couldn't wear this and it would weigh too much.
Over the years helmets have found the largest usable size (6d pushed this out some) and weight. ALLLLL Helmets use a very similar foam internally. A form of EPS
The shell material - be it carbon, kevlar, dyneema, or plastic - is MOSTLY for weight. AKA properly designed a plastic shell or carbon shell can impact test the same. But to get lowest weight - the exotics are used.
Realistically - there is no short cutting weight. The airoh - is missing HUGE segments of EPS internally. It's NOT a "special" EPS or shell - it just has less EPS in spots. You can take that as you wish.
That's why ALL the premium helmets are VERY close in weight. Similar diameters - similar amounts of EPS, similar shell constructions etc.
The new fly increased their cost of production by using 12k carbon (stronger per unit mass) so they could use less carbon - lighter - and same strength. This was likely a decision made to get the weight down after say the rheon material addition that likely added weight.
Carbon tech is still evolving - so in 5 years someone will use 20k carbon and drop a tiny bit more weight.
And until we have some other serious material advancement that can be lighter than EPS (pretty damn light as it is) with the same mechanical qualities - helmets wont drop much weight.
The best thing is that TRUE progression is here and now. Helmets have been largely static for a LOOONG time.
Shoei and Arai set the standard for QUALITY OF BUILD - but don't mistake that for quality of protection
6d raised the benchmark for quality of protection - especially for the largest cause of concussions - low speed impacts (to the brain - not riding speed)
bell followed suit - because of 6d
MIPS - a separate company - innovated in a SIMPLE manner with improved rotational prevention - and it was applied to nearly ALL helmets because it's low cost and effective on old designs (retrofit)
Leatt has pushed in some ideas that WORK - conehead works, period
TLD looked at statistics in injuries - and improved a formerly week point of design by adding foam (more time to slow the brain) in a key area
Fly looked at it all and tried their effort to move the yardstick that next step based on the previous bodies of work
If shoei or arai dont' step up - it's only so long that "reputation" can take them.
Third party data WILL get out there - and as it does - manufacturers will have to keep up.
Pit Row
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